x_k+1 = x_k - μ * ∇J(x_k)

: The likelihood function for a Gaussian distribution is: x_k+1 = x_k - μ * ∇J(x_k) :

X(f) = e^-π^2f^2σ^2

x_k+1 = x_k - μ(2x_k + 2)

H(z) = 1 / (1 - 0.5z^-1) = 1 + 0.5z^-1 + 0.25z^-2 + ... x_k+1 = x_k - μ * ∇J(x_k) :

: The FIR filter design involves selecting a window function and a filter length. Using the Hamming window, we can design a FIR filter with a cutoff frequency of 0.2π: x_k+1 = x_k - μ * ∇J(x_k) :